Ezigulini ezinesifo se-End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), i-hemodialysis iyindlela yokwelashwa ephephile nesebenzayo. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, igazi ne-dialysate kuhlangana ne-dialyzer (izinso zezinkutha) ngolwelwesi olungavunyelweyo, okuvumela ukushintshana kwezinto eziqhutshwa yimibhalo yokuhlushwa. Umshini we-hemodialysis udlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni igazi ngokususa imfucuza ye-metabolic nama-electrolyte ngokweqile ngenkathi wethula i-calcium ion kanye ne-bicarbonate kusuka ku-dialyate egazini. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izisekelo zemishini ye-heodialysis futhi siqondise ukuthi singayikhetha kanjani idivaysi esezingeni eliphakeme ukwenza ukwelashwa kukhululeke kakhudlwana.

 

Ukuqonda imishini ye-hemodialysis

Imishini yeHemodialysis evame ukuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko: Uhlelo lokuhlola igazi nohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwama-dialysate. Uhlelo lwegazi lubhekele ukulawula ukusakazwa kwegazi kwangemva kwegazi kanye nohlelo lwe-dialysate lulungiselela isixazululo se-dialysis esiqeqeshiwe ngokuxubana okuhlanganisiwe namanzi e-RO futhi uhambise ikhambi ku-dialyzer. E-hemodialyer, i-dialysate yenza ukuguquguquka kwesizungu, kanye ne-ultrafiltration enegazi lesiguli ngolwelwesi olungavunyelwene ngalo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, igazi lokuhlanza lizobuyela emzimbeni wesiguli ngohlelo lokulawulwa kwegazi kanye nohlelo lwe-dialyate lukhipha uketshezi lokungcola kwegazi. Le nqubo yokuhamba ngebhayisekili eqhubekayo ihlanza igazi.

Imvamisa, uhlelo lokuqapha lwegazi lokulawula igazi lufaka iphampu yegazi, i-herin pump pump, ukuqapha ukucindezela kwengcindezi ye-veterial kanye ne-vene. Izinto ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuhlinzekelwa kwama-dialysis ziwuhlelo lokulawula lokushisa, uhlelo lokuxuba, uhlelo lwe-degas, uhlelo lokuhlola lwe-arving, ukuqapha kwe-ultrafiltration, ukutholwa okuvunwe yigazi, nokutholwa okuvuzayo kwegazi, nokunye.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemishini esetshenziswa e-hemodilysis ziyindinganisoumshini we-hemodialysis (HD)kanyeumshini we-hemodiafiltration (HDF). Imishini ye-HDF isebenzisaAma-Dialyzers aphezulu aphezuluNikeza inqubo ethuthukisiwe ye-FILTRATION - I-PRICESION NE-CONECTION ukuthuthukisa ukususwa kwama-molekyuli amakhulu nezinto ezinobuthi futhi ugcwalise ama-ion abalulekile ngokufaka umsebenzi wokunikezela.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi indawo ye-membrane engaphezulu kwe-dalyzer kufanele ibhekwe esimweni esithile sesiguli, kufaka phakathi isisindo, ubudala, isimo senhliziyo kanye nokufinyelela kwenhliziyo lapho ukhetha ama-dialyzers. Hlala uthintana nesiphakamiso sikadokotela sochwepheshe ukunquma i-i-dialyzer efanelekile.

 

Ukukhetha umshini we-hemodialysis ofanele

Ukuphepha nokunemba kuyizinto eziza kuqala. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele ucabangele:

1. Izici zokuphepha

Umshini we-hemodialysis ofanelekayo kufanele ube nokuqapha ngokuphepha kokuphepha kanye nezinhlelo ze-alamu. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele zizwele ngokwanele ukuthola noma yiziphi izimo ezingejwayelekile futhi zinikeze izexwayiso ezinembile kuma-opharetha.

Ukuqapha real-time ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi ye-arterial ne-venous, amanani okugeleza, namanye amapharamitha abalulekile ngesikhathi sokudaya. Izaziso ze-Alarm Systems zezingqinamba ezifana nomoya egazini zidlula umfutho wegazi, noma amanani angalungile e-ultrafiltration.

 2. Ukunemba kokusebenza

Ukunemba komshini kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa futhi kuvame ukuhlolwa yilezi zici ezilandelayo:

Izinga le-UltraFilTration: Umshini kufanele ulawule ngokunembile uketshezi olususiwe esigulini.

Ukuqapha kwe-Treativity: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-dialysate isendaweni efanelekile ye-electrolyte.

Ukulawulwa kokushisa: Umshini kufanele ulondoloze i-dielysate ekushiseni okuphephile futhi okunethezekile.

 3. Isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula

Isibonisi esisebenziseka kalula singathuthukisa kakhulu isipiliyoni kuzo zombili iziguli nabasebenza. Bheka imishini enezilawuli ezinembile kanye nokubonisa okucacile okwenza kube lula ukuqapha amapharamitha wokwelashwa.

4. Ukulungiswa nokusekelwa

Cabanga umthamo wokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo zokulungisa zomenzi womshini okhethiwe. Ukusekelwa okuthembekile kungaqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izingqinamba zibhekwa ngokushesha, zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka ekwelashweni.

 5. Ukuhambisana namazinga

Umshini we-hemodialysis kumele uhambisane nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha kanye namazinga afanele abekwe yimizimba yokulawula. Lokhu kuthobela kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kweziguli kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo.

 

Imishini yokuncintisana ye-hemodialysis kanye nomenzi

Le khasiImodeli yomshini weHemodialysis W-T2008-BKwenziwe nguUChengdu WesleyKuhlanganisa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ecishe ibe ngamashumi amathathu embonini isipiliyoni kanye nezobuchwepheshe obusha. Umshini wenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kumayunithi ezokwelapha futhi uthole isitifiketi se-CE, nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ukuqina, ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nenduduzo, nokusebenza kalula kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Inamaphampu amabili kanye negumbi elinembile le-pures-kanye nelikubuyiselwe-ketshezi, idizayini eyingqayizivele yokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwe-ultrafiltration. Izinto ezibalulekile zomshini zingeniswa kusuka eYurophu nase-US, njengama-solenoid valves ziqinisekisa ukulawula okuqondile kweziteshi ukuvula nokuvala, nama-chips aqinisekisa ukuqapha okunembile nokuqoqwa kwedatha.

 

-Phambili Ukuvikela ukuphepha indlela yokwenza

Umshini wamukela uhlelo lokuqapha nomoya wokuvikela umoya, izinga le-bubble kanye ne-bubble detoctors, elingavimba ngempumelelo umoya ekusakazweni kwegazi ekungeneni komzimba wesiguli ukumisa izingozi zeziguli. Ngokwengeziwe, umshini uhlome ngamaphoyinti amabili okuqapha amazinga okushisa namaphuzu amabili okuvuselelwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-dialysate igcinwa kulo lonke elale ukwelashwa. Uhlelo lwe-alamu oluhlakaniphile lunikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela kunoma yikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa ngesikhathi sokuxinaka. I-Acousto-Optic Alarm ixwayisa abasebenza ngokusebenza ngokushesha kunoma yiziphi izingqinamba, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kweziguli kanye nokusebenza kwempilo.

Kususelwa kusisekelo se-W-T2008-B, TheUmshini we-W-T6008S we-HemodiaFiltrationIngeza ukuqapha kwengcindezi yegazi, izihlungi ze-endotoxin, ne-bi-cart njengokucushwa okujwayelekile. Kungashintsha kalula phakathi kwezindlela ze-HDF ne-HD ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Fakani nge-dialyzers ephezulu kakhulu, okwenza ukususwa kwama-molekyuli amakhulu ukusuka egazini, umshini uthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kanye nenduduzo yokwelashwa.